In the rapid development of the Internet of Things technology today, wireless positioning technology, as one of the key technologies, has been widely used in various scenarios, such as intelligent warehousing, automatic driving, indoor navigation and so on. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) wireless positioning sensor chip has been widely used for its high precision, high stability and low power consumption. This paper will introduce the principle of UWB wireless positioning sensor chip in detail, in order to provide readers with in-depth understanding and understanding.
I. Overview of UWB technology
Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a carrier-free communication technology that uses narrow pulses of non-sinusoidal waves from nanoseconds to microseconds to transmit data for high-speed, low-power data transmission. The UWB signal has high time resolution and anti-multipath interference ability, which makes the UWB positioning chip can realize high-precision and high-stability positioning.
Second, UWB wireless positioning sensor chip principle
UWB wireless positioning sensor chip realizes positioning function by sending and receiving ultra-wideband signals. Its positioning principle is mainly based on the Time of Arrival (TOA) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) methods.
TOA positioning principle
The TOA positioning principle is to calculate the position information by measuring the time the signal travels between a receiver at a known location and a transmitter at an unknown location. The specific implementation process is that the UWB transmitter sends a signal with a known time, and the UWB receiver receives the signal, records the receiving time, and obtains the signal transmission distance by calculating the signal transmission time multiplied by the speed of light. Due to the high temporal resolution of the UWB signal, centimeter-level positioning accuracy can be achieved.
However, TOA positioning principle is affected by many factors such as multipath effect and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) in practical application, which leads to a decrease in positioning accuracy. In order to solve this problem, TDOA positioning principle can be adopted.
TDOA positioning principle
TDOA positioning principle is to calculate the position information by measuring the time difference between the signal transmission between multiple receivers at known locations. The specific implementation process is to receive the signal from the UWB transmitter on multiple receivers at known locations, and record the receiving time. Then, by calculating the signal transmission time difference between different receivers, combined with the known receiver position information, the position of the UWB transmitter can be solved.
TDOA positioning principle can effectively avoid the influence of multi-path effect and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) factors, and improve the positioning accuracy. At the same time, due to the need for multiple receivers to participate in positioning, wider coverage can also be achieved.
Third, the implementation process of UWB wireless positioning sensor chip
The implementation process of UWB wireless positioning sensor chip mainly includes the following steps:
Signal emission
UWB transmitters generate ultra-wideband signals through modulation technology and send them out through antennas. The time, frequency, power and other parameters of signal transmission need to be strictly controlled to ensure the stability and reliability of the signal.
Signal reception
The UWB receiver receives the signal from the UWB transmitter through the antenna, and performs demodulation, filtering and other processing on the signal. In the process of signal reception, the receiver needs to accurately record the receiving time for subsequent positioning calculations.
Positioning calculation
According to the received signal and receiving time information, combined with the known receiver position information, TOA or TDOA positioning principle is used for positioning calculation. The result of positioning calculation can be output as position coordinates, distance and other information.
Data transmission and storage
The results of the positioning calculation can be transmitted wirelessly or wired to the host computer or other devices. At the same time, in order to facilitate subsequent data analysis and processing, the location data can also be stored in the local memory.
4. Advantages of UWB wireless positioning sensor chip
Compared with other wireless positioning technologies, the UWB wireless positioning sensor chip has the following advantages:
High accuracy: The UWB signal has high time resolution and anti-multipath interference capability, which can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy.
High stability: UWB signals are not easily affected by the environment, and can be stably positioned and transmitted.
Low power consumption: The UWB signal is transmitted in pulse mode, which can achieve low-power data transmission and positioning.
Strong anti-interference ability: UWB signal has a wide band width and can resist interference from other wireless signals.
5. Application scenarios and prospects
UWB wireless positioning sensor chip has been widely used in intelligent storage, automatic driving, indoor navigation and other fields. With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, the application scenarios of UWB wireless positioning sensor chips will also continue to expand. In the future, UWB wireless positioning sensor chips will play a greater role in smart home, smart medical, smart city and other fields.
In summary, the UWB wireless positioning sensor chip has a wide range of applications in the field of wireless positioning because of its high precision, high stability and low power consumption. With the continuous progress of technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, UWB wireless positioning sensor chips will bring more convenience and intelligent experience to our lives.
